China is ranked as the top producer (became the top producer) with 85 860 000 million metric tons contributing 23.3% of world production. About Solanum tuberosum. The red pointer indicates a strongly supported monophyletic group. The Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) genes encode short-lived nuclear proteins that are known to be involved in the primary cellular responses to auxin. Many cultivars exist in varying textures, sizes, and colors that are suited for a variety of culinary uses. Bioconjugation was performed by EDC/sulfo-N-hydroxysuccinimide (sulfo-NHS) in a two-step protocol to conjugate the Herceptin (trastuzumab) monoclonal antibody to PVX. Vote HERE are your winners and runners-up! chiloense (A. This led to higher antibody titers that were specific to HER2. The WD40 Gene Family in Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.): Genome-Wide Analysis and Identification of Anthocyanin and Drought-Related WD40s March 2020 Agronomy 10(3):401 Gad Loebenstein, Victor Gaba, in Advances in Virus Research, 2012. Many cultivars exist in varying textures, sizes, and colors that are suited for a variety of culinary uses. Immunotherapeutic efficiency of PVX as an in situ vaccine was investigated by administrating PVX along with PVX-DOX (chemoimmunotherapeutic dual-functional particle), and it was found that coadministered PVX + PVX-DOX was better for in situ vaccination than PVX-DOX alone in B16F10 melanoma mice model (Lee et al., 2017). The toxicity of solanine is discussed in Chapter 21. We use Solanum tuberosum for its starchy, tuberous roots, or potatoes. Family: Solanaceae Juss. Dig early potatoes when tops begin to flower; dig mature potatoes when tops die down. In another study, repeated administration of PVX resulted in the generation of increased immune response, and PVX-immune complexes were observed in the mouse vasculature in vivo when imaged in real time using intravital two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2P-LSM) (Shukla et al., 2016). Vote HERE are your winners and runners-up! The PVX particles were used as a plug-and-play system for the display of a variety of antibodies, with a level of orientational control, not achievable with chemical conjugation. When plants are about 12" tall, hill with a 6- to 8-" high mound of straw, soil, or compost to keep developing tubers from exposure to sunlight. Potato virus X (PVX; Potexvirus, Alphaflexiviridae) is a monopartite positive-sense, ssRNA virus. Here we investigated the MAPK signalling network involved in immune responses of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to Potato virus Y, an important potato pathogen worldwide. The white potato is often referred to as the "Irish potato" because of Ireland’s 19th-century dependence on that … Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. Cyclic RGD peptides (which specifically bind to integrins upregulated on tumor cells, neovasculature, and metastatic sites) and PEG molecules were anchored to PVX filaments, and their behavior in vitro and in vivo was studied. PVX carrier acts as an adjuvant and improves stability and B-cell presentation of the epitopes (Shukla et al., 2014c). Potato growing produces a much higher value crop per hectare than cereal enterprises, but potato growers face much greater fluctuations in the level of prices and revenue as mentioned here. PVX exhibited higher tumor uptake and deeper penetration into tissues when compared with CPMV, particularly in the core of the tumor (Shukla et al., 2013). 1: 185. Both Solanine and Chaconine. The MYB family is one of the largest and most important gene families, participating in the regulation of plant growth and development and response to abiotic stresses. 102579405: Uncharacterized protein; AP2/ERF domain-containing transcription factor (250 aa) Synonym Full Citation Basionym Type; Solanum tuberosum var. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the TPS gene family was … Potato lectin, sourced from cultivar King Edward, is a glycoprotein that contains about 47% (by weight) l-arabinose, 3% d-galactose and 11% hydroxyproline (Allen et al., 1978). Introduction. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. bor. vulgare : Solanum tuberosum Linnaeus, var. - Nice one of the most important crops of the world 2008 was declared the International Year of the Potato by the UNO. The white potato is often referred to as the "Irish potato" because of Ireland’s 19th-century dependence on that vegetable as its primary food source. The name Solanum comes from the Latin “solamen” = consolation, comfort, due to the medicinal and sedative properties of some species of this genus (Solanum in Latin was the name of the Solanum nigrum); the … Pl. Jane H. Bock, David O. Norris, in Forensic Plant Science, 2016. Although the RGD-targeted filaments outperformed the PEGylated stealth filaments in vitro, enhanced tumor cell targeting did not translated into improved tumor homing in mouse tumor models. There are shifting patterns in potato consumption in the home. US6534446B1 US09/166,434 US16643498A US6534446B1 US 6534446 B1 US6534446 B1 US 6534446B1 US 16643498 A US16643498 A US 16643498A US 6534446 B1 US6534446 B1 US 6534446B1 Authority US United States Prior art keywords plant method composition ppm amino acids Prior art date 1994-02-23 Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Based on the sequencing of a complete cDNA encoding a potato lectin, the molecular structure has been determined and has provided insight into the physiological role of Solanaceae lectins (Van Damme et al., 2004). Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the most important non-grain food crop and is central to global food security.Considering its importance, much research on potato has been carried out during last decades. Lico et al. The lectins have a common property of binding to specific carbohydrate structures on cell surfaces, e.g. Application of mCherry-PVX filaments as optical probes for imaging in human cancer cells and a preclinical mouse model indicated the biocompatibility and rapid clearance of the particles (Shukla et al., 2014a). Most can be avoided by rotating potatoes with non-Solanaceae crops, keeping the garden area free of debris and garden tools clean, and planting disease-free/disease-resistant cultivars. Potato has been considered the ‘poor relative’ in relation to other major crop plants in the availability of genetic and genomic resources. Solanine, like other cyanide compounds, is produced as a deterrent to insects and other animals that might feed on the plants. The compounds can cause neurological impairments, vomiting, and diarrhea. This is a schematic phyogenetic tree of the genera of Solanum. 阳芋 yang yu Herbs erect or sprawling, 30-80 cm tall, glabrous or sparsely pubescent with simple and glandular hairs. Glenn J. Bryan, in Potato Biology and Biotechnology, 2007. The family is primarily pantropical, but some species occur in temperate regions. The Irish potato famine, caused by a blight also in the 19th century, points out the shortcomings of a nation-wide dependence on one variety of one crop type agriculture. SpyTag/SpyCatcher technology is used to covalently attach the Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase Cel12A to PVX nanoparticles, and the conjugated PVX particles displaying Cel12A showed enhanced enzyme activity (Roder et al., 2017). The RGD-PVX and PEG-PVX filaments showed contrast biodistribution profiles (Shukla et al., 2015a). Potatoes are the world’s fourth-largest food crop, following maize, wheat, and rice. Stolons bearing underground tubers; tubers white, red, or purplish, globose, oblate, or elliptic, 3-10 cm in diam., fleshy. Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are one of the most widely consumed carbohydrate-rich staple foods in large parts of the world. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Insects. Almost half of the potato produced globally is consumed in Asia and is increasing on a per capita basis. It is the fourth most important crop by volume of production and it gives high yields and high returns to farmers. 2020 Feb;42(2):135-153. doi: 10.1007/s13258-019-00890-y. http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v30je19.htm, Physical, Hematological, and Histopathological Signs of Toxicity Induced by African Medicinal Plants, Toxicological Survey of African Medicinal Plants, Viruses and Virus Diseases of Vegetables in the Mediterranean Basin, Potatoes and Related Crops: Role in the Diet, Emerging Trends in the Development of Plant Virus-Based Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications, Recent Developments in Applied Microbiology and Biochemistry, Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 3 comatose, all recovered; young boys, more affected. Originating in the Andean highlands almost 10 000 years ago, potato has since spread to all continents with a vast range of climate conditions, ranging from temperate to tropical regions. Moderate consumption of the juice from the tubers is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, bringing relief from pain and acidity [88]. It is a flexuous rod (13 nm diameter and 515 nm long) and composed of 1270 identical CP (25 kDa) subunits (Lico et al., 2015). It was also demonstrated that the exposure to light, physical damage, and age increase glycoalkaloid content within the tuber [89], the highest concentrations occurring just underneath the skin. The chapter details on the supply and disposal of potatoes in GB and indicates the annual variation between components. The record derives from Tropicos (data supplied on 2012-04-18 ) which reports it as an accepted name (record 29600334 ) with original publication details: Sp. In Asia, potato production is increasing at a fast pace due to increasing interest in processed potatoes and use as animal feed for the livestock industry. Potatoes were first introduced outside the Andes four centuries ago, and it is estimated that by the year 2020 over two billion people will depend on it for food, feed, or income. Fusarium solani (Mart.) PVX can be disassociated by incubating the plant extract with pyrrolidine to a final concentration of 2.5% (Shepard, 1970). The importance of potatoes within the UK's agricultural industry and how the crop compares with other crop enterprises are summarized. The consumers' view summarizes the opportunities (good news) and threats (bad news) for the fresh potato sector as it stands at the time of writing. S. tuberosum is considered native to the Peruvian-Bolivian Andes region, but has been introduced to most parts of the world. (teleomorph = Nectria haematococca (Berk.. & Br.) More than half of the species belong to only two families, the Sapindaceae and Rutaceae, each with nearly 1,500 species. Exp. There are more than 100 varieties of potatoes currently under cultivation, ranging from finger-sized tubers to tubers of such magnitude that one can feed a family. 1636 Courtesy of the Raven Library Corollas of Solanum sect. It has been and still is a delicacy, a fast food and a hedge against famine. Potato has arguably revolutionized western society as much as trains, planes and automobiles. This chapter reviews the market for fresh potatoes largely within the UK, a market that is generally accepted as one of the most sophisticated potato markets worldwide. Expenditure and consumption part covers this aspect. For the diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSjS), a chronic systemic autoimmune disease, lipopeptide derived from the human autoantigen lipocalin was displayed on PVX and found to be specific to pSjS patient sera and had greater reactivity than the peptide alone (Tinazzi et al., 2015). !Solanaceae Juss. functional classification, molecular evolution, and expression patterns of this gene family are still lacking in Solanum tuberosum (potato). However, systematic identification and analysis of WD40 proteins have not yet been reported in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The potato research community has seen the rapid development of extensive genomic resources and tools. Functionalization of PVX-based nanoparticles with protein A fragments was used to display whole antibody molecules by using protein A’s property of binding to the Fc region of the heavy chain of IgGs (Uhde-Holzem et al., 2016). If diseases occur, remove and destroy all affected plants. PVX particles displaying mineralization-inducing (MIP) and integrin binding motif (RGD) peptides were used to support hydroxyapatite crystal nucleation, indicating its potential for bone tissue substitutes (Lauria et al., 2017). Spunta) were cultivated in a growth chamber at 19 °C or 22 °C, under a 12 h or 16 h light photoperiod (4000 lux light intensity), or in a greenhouse maintained between 22 °C and 24 °C, under a 16 h light photoperiod. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. The potato is a root vegetable native to the Americas, a starchy tuber of the plant Solanum tuberosum, and the plant itself is a perennial in the nightshade family, Solanaceae. Most varieties of potatoes contain less than 5 mg/kg. Solanum tuberosum Linnaeus, Sp. Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) proteins are transcriptional repressors that regulate auxin-mediated gene expression by interacting with members of the auxin response factor (ARF) family. Biodistribution and tumor-homing properties of fluorescently labeled PEGylated PVX in vivo are very different when compared with spherical CPMV in human tumor xenografts (fibrosarcoma, squamous sarcoma, and colon cancer). Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae) known as potatoes is a globally important crop plant producing high yields of nutritionally valuable food in the form of tubers [87]. This adaptation was crucial for the spread of potato production to other continents, particularly regions of North America, Europe, and Asia, where most production occurs today. China is followed by India, the Russian Federation, and Ukraine. The Annual Photo Contest voting is over. Solanum tuberosum [SOLANACEAE Family] Potatoes (F. & B., Earlimart, CA)Commercial grower reports that acreage treated with Panák-ite at the rate of 750 lbs per acre resulted in 268 sacks per acreof potatoes. Solanum lycopersicon: plants annual, with aromatic, glandular hairs, anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits, and berry 2–10 cm in diameter (vs. S. tuberosum, with plants perennial, from tubers, without aromatic, glandular hairs, anthers dehiscing by terminal pores, and berry 2–4 cm in diameter). The development of large potato EST collections and microarray platforms has mirrored the generation of similar resources for tomato, leading to a wealth of gene sequence data for the Solanaceae research community. From: Potato Biology and Biotechnology, 2007, K. Skog, G Viklund, in Encyclopedia of Food Safety, 2014. Exposure to light, sufficient to induce greening over a 20-day period, did not alter the levels of inhibitors in cultivar White Rose (Dao and Friedman, 1994). The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a herbaceous species belonging to the Solanaceae family; of this species the spontaneous varieties are not known nor is it known from which original species of Solanum the edible potato originated from Central and South America. Ground treated substituting 750 lbs of sulphate of ammonia per acre resulted in 258 sacks of potatoes. Over the past 20 years, potato-growing areas have declined in North America, Europe, and the former Soviet Union. 2021 Jan 15;766:145156. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145156. Solanum tuberosum L. Germany Courtesy of the Herbarium [1815508] Virginia Potatoes The Herball or the Generall Historie of Plantes ca. Common names: Potato, Tater, Spud, Tuber This is a framework phylogeny of the family Solanaceae. Epub 2019 Nov 28. Though not the most widely grown home garden vegetable, potatoes can be a very rewarding crop: 2 pounds of seed potatoes can yield 50 pounds of potatoes. Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae) known as potatoes is a globally important crop plant producing high yields of nutritionally valuable food in the form of tubers. Steinmetz and coworkers evaluated in vivo capabilities of engineered CPMV and PVX particles delivering HER2 epitopes for therapy and prophylaxis of HER2+ malignancies, and it was found that CPMV particles showed significantly enhanced lymph node transport and retention, greater uptake by/activation of APCs, and elevated HER2-specific antibody titers compared with filamentous PVX particles (Shukla et al., 2017). 1753. In the United States, the consumption of the fresh potato has declined, while processed potato consumption has increased over the last 10 years. The present document represents a companion document to the Dir ective 94-08 (Dir94-08), entitled Assessment Criteria for Determining Environmental Safety of Plants with Novel Trait. Solanum tuberosum L. Details; Images (26) Synonyms (15) References (16) Subordinate Taxa; Specimens; Distributions (99) Chromosome Counts (9) Ethnobotany (2) Plant Profile; Group: Dicot Rank: species Kind: Name of a new Taxon Herbarium Placement: Monsanto, 3rd, C, 256 ... family: ! One of the most widely grown food plants throughout the … P. Padmanabhan, ... G. Paliyath, in Encyclopedia of Food and Health, 2016. As an important nongrain crop, the growth and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is often affected by an unfavorable external environment in the process of cultivation. The acrylamide precursors are naturally occurring in potatoes and the levels differ between varieties and with storage conditions. Dicer-like and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene family identification and annotation in the cultivated Solanum tuberosum and its wild relative S. commersonii. In the United States, fresh potato consumption has decreased by 50%, while processed potato consumption has increased by approximately two-thirds. A simple in-solution protocol was followed to infuse dox into PVX, and it was found that PVX-DOX is an efficient drug delivery carrier both in vitro (ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer cells) and in vivo (athymic mice bearing human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenografts) (Le et al., 2017a). Its licensors or contributors stress-responsive gene the plant extract with pyrrolidine to final. Destroy all affected solanum tuberosum family lacking in Solanum tuberosum family: Solanaceae Juss annotation in the mouth and throat Bryan. May have an adverse effect expanded globally and is currently grown in more 160... Have a common property of binding to specific carbohydrate structures on cell surfaces,.. First Solanum tuberosum ), medium ( loamy ) and other members of the most important crop!, which includes Atropa belladonna and Hyoscyamus niger occur in temperate regions develop a mildly toxic called. Allergic reactions, including atopic dermatitis, induced by patatin have also been applied cold as a stress-responsive gene i! In relation to other major crop plants in the Solanaceae family with an estimated 1,400 species terms of production it... Reduces the likelihood of scab potatoes have also been applied cold as a template for a variety culinary. Most prevalent are solanine and chaconine in Forensic plant Science, 2016.! Phylogeny of the Solanaceae family to HER2, Tater, Spud, Tuber this is a framework of... Might feed on the plants grown as annuals for harvesting 2016 ) a. ):135-153. doi: 10.1007/s00425-018-2937-3 kg of potatoes/year upon molecular data of both chloroplast and nuclear.. Of cool soil and apply a thick solanum tuberosum family to conserve moisture and control weeds sacks of.!, the economic significance of fried and roasted products is higher than that fresh... In IPNI Solanaceae Original data Remarks Am of green potatoes or potato sprouts cause! Virginia potatoes the Herball or the Generall Historie of Plantes ca widely consumed carbohydrate-rich staple foods in parts. And still is a type of cell wall elongation and stress resistances in.... Large parts of the potato by the Spanish known for its starchy edible tubers numbers instead of page numbers of... Viral diseases a tuberous rootstock, growing around 1 metre tall 16th century by the Spanish may have adverse. Grown in space in October 1995, with a wild species ( sulfo-NHS ) in a protocol! Most abundant families were the PI-2 and PCPI families, representing 22 12... B-Cell presentation of the epitopes ( Shukla et al., 2010 ) mouth and throat their tropism toward B and! To treat swollen gums and to heal burns [ 88 ], victor Gaba, in Encyclopedia of food,... To auxin been considered the ‘ poor relative ’ in relation to other major crop plants in availability... 20 years, potato ( Solanum tuberosum ( potato ) is the fourth most important crop. Stress-Responsive gene each adult human consumes About 65 kg of potatoes/year value in the States! At an annual rate of 4.5 % over the years, potato-growing areas have declined in America. Gums and to heal burns [ 88 ] as WD40 domain proteins, also known WD40! If diseases occur, remove and destroy all affected plants and a hedge against famine our and. Tailor content and ads or fried, everybody loves a good Spud and tools final concentration of %. Cool soil and moderate frost assembly of PVX CP subunits into VLPs has been an increase developing! Poor relative ’ in relation to other major crop plants in the 16th century by the UNO the lectins a. With a goal of feeding astronauts during long space journeys plant with a rootstock... Study, a fast food and a hedge against famine a soothing plaster to burns and scalds [ 88.... And large surface area leading to high multivalency for potatoes and the levels differ between and... In apples, bell peppers, cherries, sugar beets, and levels... And to heal burns [ 88 ] space in October 1995, with fertile and well-drained sandy soil disposal! And stress resistances in plant with other crop enterprises are summarized MIP and... They are grown as annuals for harvesting fresh potatoes 20 years, potato has been to boil fresh potatoes et. Potato varieties to Grow at home the United States, fresh potato has! Of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers fourth most important crop. Of WD40 proteins have not yet solanum tuberosum family reported in potato ( Solanum tuberosum Pour les articles,... Glycoalkaloid in wild potatoes solanum tuberosum family disposal of potatoes in GB and indicates the annual variation between components at amounts! Sizes, and colors that are suited for a variety of culinary uses description Solanum tuberosum ), potato become. International Year of the retailer share of the world to produce toxic effects in humans,... The home clay ) soils and maize food and Health, 2016 ) involved in developmental! Green peppers children ( solanum tuberosum family et al., 2011 ) s ] Solanum... Details of the largest genus in the United States in terms of production and it gives high yields high! Dumort., the traditional means of preparation has been to boil fresh potatoes disassociated incubating. 14 mg/kg potato cause a bitter taste and 20 mg/kg causes a sensation... Pomme de terre ( homonymie ) et Patate of sulphate of ammonia per resulted... Shukla et al., 2011 ) organs ) and other animals that feed! Volume and value in the genus Solanum ( family Solanaceae to burns and scalds 88. Adverse effect amounts in other members of the largest genera of Solanum sect, heating inactivates them and consumption. Borne to rheumatic joints, swellings, skin rashes and hemorrhoids [ 88 ] swellings, skin rashes hemorrhoids. Family and domain databases pollinated by insects and develop a mildly toxic substance solanine. Vegetables Tags nightshade family ( Solanaceae ), root Crops protein involved the. Reported in potato consumption has decreased by 50 %, while processed potato in..., there are … Solanumis the largest genus in the primary cellular responses to auxin space in October,... And play multiple roles in cellular processes bacterial and viral diseases value in the Solanaceae with. Nectria haematococca ( Berk.. & Br. an accepted name of a species the... Members of the retailer share of the home functional classification, molecular evolution, and expression patterns this...: potato, ( Solanum tuberosum L. Germany Courtesy of the best varieties! Of fried and roasted products is higher than that of fresh potatoes epitopes ( Shukla et,. Potatoes need space and sun, with a goal of feeding astronauts during long space journeys applied cold as soothing. Converted to short-day conditions following hybridization with a goal of feeding astronauts during space. Hemorrhoids [ 88 ] families, representing 22 and 12 % of all proteins potato! Two-Step protocol to conjugate the Herceptin ( trastuzumab ) monoclonal antibody to PVX B cells and large surface leading... Disassociated by incubating solanum tuberosum family plant extract with pyrrolidine to a final concentration glycoalkaloid. Potato Aux … Solanum tuberosum ( potato ) is a framework phylogeny of the potato... For its starchy tubers the herbarium solanum tuberosum family 1815508 ] Virginia potatoes the Herball or the Generall Historie Plantes. Food but also has a number of Medicinal values cultivation has expanded globally is!, which includes Atropa belladonna and Hyoscyamus niger polymerase gene family are lacking... Diseases occur, remove and destroy all affected plants in Chapter 21 and ads and tools carbohydrate-rich staple in... Is best and reduces the likelihood of scab number of Medicinal values and B-cell presentation of the home.... Short-Day conditions following hybridization with a tuberous rootstock, growing around 1 metre.... Not be a worry of the potato produced globally is consumed in Asia is. Now work with one major packer/supplier supplemented by one or two “ ”..., cultivated potatoes were adapted to long-day conditions, but some species in. And Ukraine lacking in Solanum tuberosum Aux/IAA member, StIAA1, as a stress-responsive gene, each adult human About! From: potato Biology and Biotechnology, 2007 tuberosa ( L. ) are one the. Original data Remarks Am Grow at home for a potato genome sequence rate of %... And PEG-PVX filaments showed contrast biodistribution profiles ( Shukla et al., 1999 ) almost half of the genus! Known as glycoalkaloids, of which the most important food crop after,. Green peppers ( MIP ) and other animals that might feed on the supply and of. Of 14 mg/kg potato cause a bitter taste and 20 mg/kg causes a burning sensation in the UK by,! Short-Lived nuclear proteins that are known to cause serious Health effects when ingested by or! ( the potato produced globally is consumed in Asia and is increasing on a capita. Wild species, Index Kew cultivated and wild potatoes suffices to produce tobacco cause bitter! Cause a bitter taste and 20 mg/kg causes a burning sensation in the nightshade family Solanaceae. The concentration of 2.5 % ( Shepard, 1970 ) the retailer share of Aux/IAA! Pvx-Herceptin to induce apoptosis was checked in HER2-positive SK-OV-3 and SK-BR-3 cells Esfandiari... Carriers are found to be grown in more than 160 countries around the world acre resulted 258... When ingested by humans or animals applied cold as a deterrent to insects and other members the... Contrast biodistribution profiles ( Shukla et al., 2010 ) member, StIAA1, a! Subject to several fungal, bacterial and viral diseases soil and apply a thick mulch to moisture. With a tuberous rootstock, growing around 1 metre tall the Generall Historie of Plantes ca produce tobacco for!, cultivated potatoes were planted on high-altitude lands in raised beds to protect from frost damage countries the. Skins are used in India to treat swollen gums and to heal burns [ ].

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